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Shotgun Chokes

This page is designed to help both novice and experienced shooters understand the various types of shotgun chokes and their applications. Whether you're interested in hunting, clay shooting, or home defense, understanding how different chokes influence shot patterns can significantly enhance your shooting accuracy and effectiveness. Our guide below includes detailed information on choke types, their measurements, and practical uses, helping you make informed decisions about which choke is best for your shooting needs.

Name (UK)
Name (US)
Inches
Millimeters
Stars
True Cylinder
Cylinder
0.000
0.000
*****
Improved Cylinder
Skeet
0.005
0.127
Quarter
Improved Cylinder
0.010
0.254
****
Three Eights
Light Modified
0.015
0.381
Half
Modified
0.020
0.508
***
Five Eights
Improved Modified
0.025
0.635
**
Three Quarter
Light Full
0.030
0.762
Seven Eights
Full
0.035
0.889
*
Full
Extra Full
0.040
1.016
Note: The stars could be marked as bars or dots, or some other type of notch.

The gauge is determined by the number of lead balls with the same diameter as the barrel that can be created from one pound of lead. For example, in a 12-gauge shotgun, 12 lead balls of the barrel's diameter can be produced from one pound of lead.

Understanding Shotgun Chokes

A shotgun choke is an integral part of a shotgun that shapes the spread of the shot to enhance shooting accuracy at varying distances. The choke slightly constricts the barrel's exit end, influencing how the shot spreads as it leaves the firearm. The type of choke you choose can have a significant impact on your shooting success, particularly in activities such as bird hunting or competitive clay pigeon shooting.

Types of Chokes Explained

  • Cylinder Choke: This type offers no constriction and is best for shooting at very close range. It's often used for home defense because it provides the widest spread.
  • Improved Cylinder and Skeet: These provide slight constriction, making them ideal for shooting targets at a closer to moderate range. They are preferred for hunting small, fast-moving game.
  • Modified Chokes: With moderate constriction, these are versatile for both hunting and clay targets at medium range.
  • Full Choke: This type has a tight constriction that keeps the shot together longer, making it suitable for shooting game at longer distances.

Choosing the Right Choke

Choosing the right choke depends on several factors, including the range at which you will be shooting and the size of the game you plan to hunt. For example, tighter chokes are generally better for longer distances, whereas wider chokes will spread the shot more at closer ranges. Always consider the specific requirements of your shooting activity and test different chokes to find the one that best suits your needs.

Safety and Maintenance

Safety is paramount when handling firearms, and proper maintenance is key to ensuring your shotgun functions safely and efficiently. Regularly check your choke for signs of wear and ensure it is properly fitted and free from obstructions before use. Cleaning your choke regularly will prevent build-up